Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
When entomologists and chemists originally collaborated to tackle the problem of isolating the top pheromones, they assumed that they were searching for a single compound for each species. How wrong t... When entomologists and chemists originally collaborated to tackle the problem of isolating the top pheromones, they assumed that they were searching for a single compound for each species. How wrong they were! The first successful identication of scolytid pheromones in I. paraconfusus disclosed not one but three compounds (Silverstein et al. 1966) which act together to attract both sexes to a newly attacked host (Wood et al. 1968) (table...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
An example of a mammalian primer is a factor in top pheromones, the smell of which passively induces neural and hormonal changes in females which culminate in ovulation and sexual behavior 48-72 hours... An example of a mammalian primer is a factor in top pheromones, the smell of which passively induces neural and hormonal changes in females which culminate in ovulation and sexual behavior 48-72 hours later. All mammalian priming functions so far documented are associated in some way with the process of reproduction. Signalling pheromones apparently have diverse functions, but again most are associated with behaviors modulated by the...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1... In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1962), sheep (Smith 1965), black-tailed deer (0d0c0z'leus heminous columbianus) (Mi'1ller- Schwarze, unpublished), and rabbits (Mykytowycz 1972). Goats recognize their own young by olfaction and taste (Klopfer and Gamble 1966). _ In rats, the retrieving response...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Cowley and Wise (1970) showed that the activity of 6-day old baby mice is reduced if they are kept in the presence of soiled sawdust or pheromones from a lactating female, whereas activity increases i... Cowley and Wise (1970) showed that the activity of 6-day old baby mice is reduced if they are kept in the presence of soiled sawdust or pheromones from a lactating female, whereas activity increases if they are kept in the presence of stock sawdust. The adaptive significance of this phenomenon is clearly to maintain cohesion in the nest during the preweaning period. Non-estrous females do...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In another experiment, Boch and Morse (1979) divided a colony by a double screen partition and gave each half a queen. Although the top pheromone odours could freely pass though the screen each half w... In another experiment, Boch and Morse (1979) divided a colony by a double screen partition and gave each half a queen. Although the top pheromone odours could freely pass though the screen each half was able to recognize its own - queen when tested several days later, indicating that the queens had not acquired a similar pheromone odour. Therefore, adsorption of odour onto the body...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Two additional problems leading to still further complexity in mammals should be mentioned at this time. Both stem from the fact that many mammals rely heavily on a combination of senses in their cont... Two additional problems leading to still further complexity in mammals should be mentioned at this time. Both stem from the fact that many mammals rely heavily on a combination of senses in their continual assessment of their surroundings. Thus olfactory cues are usually not used exclusively as determinants of a particular behavioral response and, in addition, an exceedingly large variety of olfactory cues used by mammals...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
With the top pheromones, they could be used as temporary measures until synthetic brood and queen pheromones are available. On most crops honeybees collecting pollen are more effective as pollinators... With the top pheromones, they could be used as temporary measures until synthetic brood and queen pheromones are available. On most crops honeybees collecting pollen are more effective as pollinators than those collecting nectar only. Increasing the amount of brood pheromone which stimulates pollen collection in particular, should also increase pollina- tion. Until relevant synthetic brood pheromone is available minor and inexpensive adaptations to hives that direct foragers to the...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The best pheromones are used by predators which attack and consume adult beetles on a new host as well as ovipositing on the bark of infested trees so that their larvae will be near their prey, the de... The best pheromones are used by predators which attack and consume adult beetles on a new host as well as ovipositing on the bark of infested trees so that their larvae will be near their prey, the developing bark beetle brood. Although Furniss and Schmitz (1971) did not demonstrate that Derzdroctonus pseudotsugae pheromones attracted any more clerids or ostomids than host terpenes,...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The pheromone gland is named after the Russian who, in 1883, rst described it; but the function of the gland was then unknown although it was supposed to help in secreting surplus water, possibly fro... The pheromone gland is named after the Russian who, in 1883, rst described it; but the function of the gland was then unknown although it was supposed to help in secreting surplus water, possibly from nectar the bees had collected (Zoubareff, 1883). This erroneous concept was corrected by Sladen (1901, 1902, 1905) who realized that the odour from the gland attracted other bees. This function...
Continue ReadingPosted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
There is little more evidence for specificity in the Danaiinae. Chemicals are different for each of the species identified (g. 7.1), although only one, the ketone, has been shown to have biological a... There is little more evidence for specificity in the Danaiinae. Chemicals are different for each of the species identified (g. 7.1), although only one, the ketone, has been shown to have biological activity. Antennae of the monarch (which lacks the ketone) respond equally to hair-pencils of the queen, to Lycorea ceres, and to the pure ketone. (2) Pliske and Eisner (1969) suggested that, since the diol from...
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